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Micro-hydromechanical deep drawing of metal cups with hydraulic pressure effects

Liang LUO, Zhengyi JIANG, Dongbin WEI, Xiaogang WANG, Cunlong ZHOU, Qingxue HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 66-73 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0468-z

摘要：

Micro-metal products have recently enjoyed high demand. In addition, metal microforming has drawn increasing attention due to its net-forming capability, batch manufacturing potential, high product quality, and relatively low equipment cost. Micro-hydromechanical deep drawing (MHDD), a typical microforming method, has been developed to take advantage of hydraulic force. With reduced dimensions, the hydraulic pressure development changes; accordingly, the lubrication condition changes from the macroscale to the microscale. A Voronoi-based finite element model is proposed in this paper to consider the change in lubrication in MHDD according to open and closed lubricant pocket theory. Simulation results agree with experimental results concerning drawing force. Changes in friction significantly affect the drawing process and the drawn cups. Moreover, defined wrinkle indexes have been shown to have a complex relationship with hydraulic pressure. High hydraulic pressure can increase the maximum drawing ratio (drawn cup height), whereas the surface finish represented by the wear is not linearly dependent on the hydraulic pressure due to the wrinkles.

关键词： micro-hydromechanical deep drawing microforming size effects lubrication Voronoi

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SmartPaint：一种基于生成式对抗神经网络的人机协同绘画系统 Special Feature on Intelligent Design

Lingyun SUN, Pei CHEN, Wei XIANG, Peng CHEN, Wei-yue GAO, Ke-jun ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第12期页码 1644-1656 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900386

摘要：当前人工智能在模仿和大批量生产设计作品中扮演重要角色（如电商广告），而在与用户合作创作时表现欠佳。人们有能力使用草图表达创意想法，但缺乏专业绘画技巧完成精美画作。已有人工智能方法无法基于用户输入草图的语义输出具有艺术美感的画作。本文开发了一种基于生成式对抗神经网络的人机协作绘画系统——SmartPaint，支持人机合作创作动漫风景画作。该系统使用动漫图像数据及其相应语义标注图、边缘检测图训练生成式对抗神经网络。通过此种方式，该系统能够同时理解动漫风格以及风景图像中物体的语义和空间关系。在使用中，用户输入草图作为语义标注图，系统自动为其合成边缘图；根据合成的边缘图生成具有恰当风格纹理的画作，从而稳定地处理多样化草图。实验证明该系统可有效满足用户创作需求，生成高质量动漫风格画作。

关键词：协同绘画；深度学习；图像生成

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Analysis of foundation sliding of an arch dam considering the hydromechanical behavior

Maria Luísa Braga FARINHA, José Vieira de LEMOS, Emanuel MARANHA DAS NEVES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 35-43 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0142-1

摘要： This paper presents the application of a methodology which can be used to assess arch dam foundation stability, using the discrete element method (DEM) and the code 3DEC. A global three-dimensional model of a dam foundation was developed, in which some discontinuities were simulated and both the grout and drainage curtains were represented. The model, calibrated taking into account recorded data, was used to carry out nonlinear mechanical analysis. The same model was employed to perform a hydraulic analysis, based on equivalent continuum concepts, which allowed the water pressure pattern within the foundation to be obtained. These water pressures were applied on discontinuities involved in the possible sliding mechanism along the dam/foundation interface, and the safety of the dam/foundation system was evaluated using a process of reduction of strength characteristics, with the aim of calculating the minimum safety factors that ensure stability. Results were compared with those obtained with the usual bi-linear uplift pressure distribution at the base of the dam, commonly used in concrete dam design. The relevance of carrying out hydraulic analysis in arch dam foundation failure studies is highlighted.

关键词： concrete dams rock foundations hydromechanical behavior failure analysis

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Research on swimming by undulatory long dorsal fin propulsion

WANG Guangming, SHEN Lincheng, WU Yonghui

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 77-81 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0013-y

摘要： The kinematics of steady forward swimming of is described. The geometric features of the body and locomotive characteristic and parameters of the flexible dorsal fin are discussed. On the basis of observation and experimental data, a simplified kinematic model on locomotion of the undulatory long dorsal fin propulsion is promoted. The hydromechanical performances of the undulatory long dorsal fin propeller of are estimated with the large-amplitude elongated-body theory. The hydromechanical efficiency of the undulatory long dorsal fin system ranged from 81.664% to 86.420% over a speed range of 0.728 0.985 length " s. It is suggested that the undulatory long dorsal fin propulsion is an adaptation to swimming with high hydromechanical efficiency.

关键词： locomotive characteristic hydromechanical observation propulsion hydromechanical efficiency

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Hydromechanical model for hydraulic fractures using XFEM

Bo HE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 240-249 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0490-6

摘要： In this study, a hydromechanical model for fluid flow in fractured porous media is presented. We assume viscous fluids and the coupling equations are derived from the mass and momentum balance equations for saturated porous media. The fluid flow through discrete cracks will be modelled by the extended finite element method and an implicit time integration scheme. We also present a consistent linearization of the underlying non-linear discrete equations. They are solved by the Newton-Raphson iteration procedure in combination with a line search. Furthermore, the model is extended to includes crack propagation. Finally, examples are presented to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of this two-scale hydromechanical model. The results suggest that the presence of the fracture in a deforming, porous media has great impact on the fluid flow and deformation patterns.

关键词： multi-phase medium porous fracture multi-scale method

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深海钴结壳采集微地形探测技术实验研究

罗柏文,夏毅敏,王韬,白宏峰,王克智

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 78-83

摘要：

通过地表高程信息计算最佳采集深度是解决钴结壳开采贫化问题的关键技术之一。根据钴结壳的赋存环境和开采方法，提出了一种摆动式超声单波束微地形探测方法。为了检验该方法的可行性，成功搭建了实验台，并验证了该实验台的垂直探测精度可达到厘米级；提出了一种改进型数据加窗算法，进一步提高了高程异常值被剔除的准确性；提出了采用线性相关系数法解决支持向量线性与非线性回归的选择问题；提出并证明了高斯径向基参数σ可根据测线上的坡度、坡长信息来确定。

关键词：钴结壳超声微地形加窗支持向量

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Flexible micro flow sensor for micro aerial vehicles

Rong ZHU, Ruiyi QUE, Peng LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 539-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0427-0

摘要：

This article summarizes our studies on micro flow sensors fabricated on a flexible polyimide circuit board by a low-cost hybrid process of thin-film deposition and circuit printing. The micro flow sensor has merits of flexibility, structural simplicity, easy integrability with circuits, and good sensing performance. The sensor, which adheres to an object surface, can detect the surface flow around the object. In our study, we install the fabricated micro flow sensors on micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) to detect the surface flow variation around the aircraft wing and deduce the aerodynamic parameters of the MAVs in flight. Wind tunnel experiments using the sensors integrated with the MAVs are also conducted.

关键词： micro flow sensor flexible sensor surface flow sensing aerodynamic parameter micro aerial vehicle (MAV)

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Dependence of error sensitivity of frequency on bias voltage in force-balanced micro accelerometer

Lili CHEN, Wu ZHOU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第2期页码 146-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0260-z

摘要：

To predict more precisely the frequency of force-balanced micro accelerometer with different bias voltages, the effects of bias voltages on error sensitivity of frequency is studied. The resonance frequency of accelerometer under closed loop control is derived according to its operation principle, and its error sensitivity is derived and analyzed under over etching structure according to the characteristics of Deep Reaction Ion Etching (DRIE). Based on the theoretical results, micro accelerometer is fabricated and tested to study the influences of AC bias voltage and DC bias voltage on sensitivity, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the relative errors between test data and theory data are less than 7%, and the fluctuating value of error sensitivity under the range of voltage adjustment is less than 0.01 μm . It is concluded that the error sensitivity with designed parameters of structure, circuit and process error can be used to predict the frequency of accelerometer with no need to consider the influence of bias voltage.

关键词： Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) micro accelerometer force-balanced micro accelerometer frequency error sensitivity

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Numerical simulation of micro scale flowing and boiling

Wen WANG, Rui ZHUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 396-401 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0049-2

摘要： Numerical simulations of flowing and boiling in micro channels are presented, including the modeling of bubble dynamics of nucleate boiling, and a description of the interface of two phases with the volume-of-fluid (VOF). The two calculated cases are compared with related experimental data in literature. Some simulated results are found corresponding well to the experimental data. The simulated results also show the details of 3-dimensional heat transfer and the flow in micro channels, which are helpful to the investigation of the mechanism of two-phase heat transfer and flow in micro channels.

关键词： volume-of-fluid (VOF) micro channel nucleate boiling bubble dynamics simulation

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Dynamical research on spherical micro actuator with piezoelectric ceramic stacks drivers

ZHANG Ruihua, CHEN Haichu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第4期页码 433-438 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0074-y

摘要： This paper develops a 30 mm × 30 mm × 50 mm spherical micro actuator driven by piezoelectric ceramic stacks (PZT), and analyzes its dynamic performances. First, the space coordinate relationship of the spherical micro actuator and a dynamic model are set up. Second, The Runge-Kutta arithmetic is used to calculate the dynamical parameters of the micro actuator; the SIMULINK module of MATLAB is used to build the dynamical simulating model and then simulate it. Third, an experimental sample of the spherical micro actuator is developed, a micromanipulator is integrated with a micro-gripper based on the sample spherical micro actuator, and the experimental research on the micro assembly is conducted between a micro shaft of 180 μm and a micro spindle sleeve of 200 μm. Finally, the characteristics of the spherical micro actuator influenced by the mass of the metal sphere of the micro actuator, driving signal frequency, friction coefficient of the contact surface between the metal sphere and the friction block of the micro driving unit are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the rotation resolution of the micro actuator reaches 0.000 1°, the rotation positioning precision reaches 0.000 5°, and the maximum working frequency is about 1200 Hz. The experimental results validate the back rotation vibration model of the spherical micro actuator. The micromanipulator integrated by the spherical micro actuator can meet the requirements of precise micro operation and assembly for micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) or other microelements in micro degree fields.

关键词： spherical micro-gripper friction coefficient dynamic frequency

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Overview and problems of BIM implementation in Japan

Takashi KANETA, Shuzo FURUSAKA, Nisi DENG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 146-155 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017007

摘要： This paper aims to overview Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation and problems of BIM implementation in Japan. First, BIM implementation guidelines and pilot projects are introduced. Then, some popular BIM software together with typical implementation cases are provided. BIM implementation in Japan is not always encouraged via a top-down consensus in architectural firms and general contractors, as the client and architects can reduce the project risk inherent in design and drawings by transferring these tasks to a general contractor. The paper finally discusses the problems in project management to present a strategy to develop a new version of BIM that will provide value to all of the stakeholders of a project.

关键词： Building Information Modeling general contractor architect drawing procurement project management

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Laboratory assessment of Alaska aggregates using Micro-Deval test

Jenny LIU,Sheng ZHAO,Anthony MULLIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 27-34 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0359-5

摘要： Aggregates suitable for use in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement construction must meet durability criteria. Thus, it is critical to select appropriate tests to properly characterize aggregate durability. In Alaska, durability tests currently being used for aggregates in AC pavement include Los Angeles (LA) abrasion test, sulfate soundness test and Washington degradation test. However, there have long been concerns arising over Washington degradation test used as an acceptance tool, motivating pavement practitioners to seek more suitable alternatives. This paper presents a study to investigate the feasibility of using Micro-Deval test, commonly used in other states, to evaluate the durability of Alaskan aggregates in AC pavement as well as its potential to replace Washington degradation test. Micro-Deval test, Washington degradation test and other tests currently specified in Alaska were conducted on aggregates from 16 batches representing statewide sources. Based on the testing results, it is found that using Micro-Deval test for durability assessment of Alaska aggregates was feasible and reproducible, and a high potential was revealed to use Micro-Deval test to replace Washington degradation test in Alaska. It is recommended that Micro-Deval test be considered as an additional test for a certain period, but in the long run should be used along with current LA abrasion and sulfate soundness tests to provide a more desirable durability assessment of Alaska aggregates used in AC pavement.

关键词： aggregate durability Washington degradation test Micro-Deval test

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Characterization of micro-mixing in a novel impinging streams reactor

Hui HU, Zhiming CHEN, Zhen JIAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 58-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0106-8

摘要： This paper presents an experimental investigation of a novel impinging stream reactor (ISR) with the aim of high mixing intensity. The integral mixing quality in the reactor was measured with the iodide-iodate reaction and showed excellent mixing performance. The impact of the operating parameters, such as fluxes, circulation and inter-nozzle distances, was investigated in terms of segregation index. The results showed that the increase of flux, the decrease of inter-nozzle distance and a suitable circulation can improve the micro-mixing efficiency. Based on turbulence theory, it was estimated that the characteristic micro-mixing time was 0.002—0.02 s, which was much shorter than that in the stirred tank reactor. The micro-mixing time was related to the segregation index, which was in good agreement with those in the literature.

关键词： micro-mixing impinging streams reactor turbulent mixing mass transfer

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Recent advances in micro- and nano-machining technologies

Shang GAO, Han HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第1期页码 18-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0410-9

摘要：

Device miniaturization is an emerging advanced technology in the 21st century. The miniaturization of devices in different fields requires production of micro- and nano-scale components. The features of these components range from the sub-micron to a few hundred microns with high tolerance to many engineering materials. These fields mainly include optics, electronics, medicine, bio-technology, communications, and avionics. This paper reviewed the recent advances in micro- and nano-machining technologies, including micro-cutting, micro-electrical-discharge machining, laser micro-machining, and focused ion beam machining. The four machining technologies were also compared in terms of machining efficiency, workpiece materials being machined, minimum feature size, maximum aspect ratio, and surface finish.

关键词： micro machining cutting electro discharge machining (EDM) laser machining focused ion beam (FIB)